PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS OF FIRST YEAR PHARM D (RGUHS)

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Errors

      Errors in quantitative analysis, 

      classification of errors, 

     concept of accuracy and precision, 

     treatment of analytical.

Volumetric analysis 

    Principle of volumetric analysis, 

    different methods of analysis, 

    different methods of expressing concentrations of solutions, 

    Primary and secondary standards.

Acid-base titrations

    Classification and estimation of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases.

    Acid-base concepts, 

    Relative strength of acids and bases, 

    Law of mass action, 

    Common ion effect, 

    Ionic product of water, 

    Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 

    Buffer solutions, 

    Theory of indicators, 

    Neutralization curves, 

    Choice of indicators, 

    Mixed and universal indicators.

Redox titrations

     Concepts of oxidation and reduction reactions.

     Redox reactions, 

     Theory of redox titrations, 

     Redox indicators,

     Iodometry, 

     Iodimetry,

     Titrations involving 

           Cerric sulphate, 

           Potassium iodate, 

           Potassium bromate, 

           Titanous chloride, 

           Potassium permanganate.

Non aqueous titrations

     Types of solvents,

    Preparations and Standardization of titrant solutions, 

    Titration of weak acid, weak bases and indicators. 

    Standardization of ;

             Perchloric acid, 

             Lithium and sodium methoxide, 

             Tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide.

Precipitation titrations

   Types of precipitation titrations, 

   End point detection

   Different methods and example -

        Mohr's method,

       Modified Mohr's method,

       Volhard's method,

      Modified Volhard's method, 

      Fajans method

  Estimation of sodium chloride by modified volhards method.

Complexometric titrations 

  Types of precipitation titrations,

  End point detection.

  Estimation of :(Complexometric method)

         Magnesium sulphate, 

         Calcium Gluconate 

  Metal ion indicators. 

Theory of indicators

Gravimetry 

   Introduction to gravimetric method, 

   Steps involved in gravimetric method, 

   Precipitants and estimation of Barium sulphate by gravimetric method

   Precipitation techniques,

   Co-precipitations,

   Post-precipitation,

   Pharmaceutical applications.

Limit tests 

   Source and effect of impurities in pharmacopoeial substances, 

   Importance of limit test, 

   General principle and procedures for limit test, 

   Limit test for 

        Chloride,

        Sulphate,

        Iron,

        Arsenic, 

        Lead 

        Heavy metals. 

   Special procedure for limit test for chloride and sulphate

Medicinal gases 

    Preparation and uses of the following 

           Oxygen, 

           Carbon dioxide,

           Helium, 

           Nitrogen 

           Nitrous oxide

Acidifiers

    Dilute HCl,

    Sodium Phosphate,

    Ammonium chloride

Antacids 

    Classifaction, 

    Qualities of an ideal antacid,

    Side effects,

     Advantages,

     Aluminum hydroxide gel,

    Sodium bicarbonate,

    Magnesium triisilicate (Light and Heavy)

    Magnesium carbonate (Light and Heavy),

    Magnesium hydroxide mixture, 

    Preparation containing combination of antacids.

    Acid neutralizing capacity, 

    Potassium citrate,

     Dried Aluminium hydroxide gel,

     Calcium carbonate,

      Magaldrate and Bismuth carbonate 

Cathartics

    Magnesium sulphate, 

     Sodium orthophosphate

    Magnesium hydroxide,

    Magnesium carbonate,

     Sodium phosphate

Electrolyte replenishers 

   Functions of major physiological ions, 

   Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy:

           Sodium chloride,

           Sodium chloride Injection, 

          Sodium chloride compound injection,

          Potassium chloride, 

         Potassium chloride injection, 

        Calcium Gluconate

        Calcium chloride,

    Electrolyte combination therapy and ORS, 

   Physiological acid base balance. 

   Electrolytes used in acid-base therapy: 

          Sodium acetate, 

         Potassium acetate,

        Sodium bicarbonate,

        Potassium bicarbonate, 

       Sodium citrate,

       Sodium lactate,

      Ammonium chloride, 

     Oral rehydration salt. 

Essential Trace elements 

 Definition, physiological role of 

     Iron, 

     Copper,

     Zinc,

     Chromium, 

     Manganese, 

     Molybdenum, 

     Selenium, 

    Sulphur 

    Iodine.

Antimicrobials 

  Potassium permanganate, 

  Hydrogen peroxide,

  Chlorinated lime,

  Boric acid

  Chlorinated Lime, 

  Iodine,

  Silver nitrate, 

  Selenium Sulphide.

Pharmaceutical aids

    Bentonite, 

    Sodium metabisulphite, 

Barium sulphate 

Sodium bisulphate, 

magnesium stearate,

 zinc stearate, 

aluminium suphate,

 sodium carboxy methycellulose,

 purified water,

 water for injection 

 sterile water for injection.

Miscellaneous compounds

i) Expectorants: Potassium iodide

                           Potassium citrate

 ii) Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate,

                           Ferrous gluconate, 

                           Ferrous fumarate, 

iii) Emetics: Copper sulphate, 

                      Sodium potassium tartarate 

iv) Poison and Antidote: Sodium thoisulphate, 

                                        Activated charcoal 

                                        Sodium nitrite,

v)Sclerosing agents: Hypertonic saline, 

                                 Sodium tetra decyl suphate.  

vi) Sedative: Potassium bromide.

 vii) Respiratory stimulant: Ammonium carbonate

Radio Pharmaceuticals

Radio activity, 

natural radio activity 

artificial radio activity

Measurement of radioactivity, 

Properties of α, β, γ radiations, 

Half life, 

radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes

 sodium iodide I-121,

Ferric citrate Fe-59.

Storage conditions, dosage, hazards, clinical applications, precautions & pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

Dental Products

Dentifrices,

role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries,

Desensitizing agents, 

Calcium carbonate, 

Sodium fluoride, 

Stannous fluoride, 

Zinc Eugenol cement. 

 dibasic calcium phosphate, 

Zinc chloride.